A diabetic hypoglycemia, commonly known as a “hypo,” occurs when the blood sugar levels of a person with diabetes drop too low (below 70 mg/dL or 4 mmol/L). This can happen for several reasons, such as taking too much insulin, not eating enough, delaying or skipping meals, exercising more than usual without eating extra or adjusting medication, or drinking alcohol. The body and brain rely on glucose as their primary source of energy, and low levels can lead to symptoms and even serious complications if not treated promptly.
Symptoms of a hypo can vary from person to person but often include:
- Feeling shaky, dizzy, or weak
- Sweating
- Feeling hungry
- Having a headache
- Feeling irritable or moody
- Confusion or difficulty concentrating
- Paleness
- In severe cases, loss of consciousness or seizures
Treatment for a hypo involves quickly raising the blood sugar to a normal range. This can be done by consuming fast-acting carbohydrates, such as glucose tablets, sugary drinks, or some candies, followed by a longer-acting carbohydrate to prevent another hypo. It’s crucial for people with diabetes and their close contacts to know how to recognize and treat a hypo promptly.
After treating a hypo, it’s important to check blood sugar levels to ensure they have returned to the target range. If symptoms don’t improve after treatment, or if blood sugar levels remain low, additional carbohydrates should be consumed, and medical advice may be needed. Continuous monitoring and adjustments to diabetes management plans can help prevent future episodes of hypoglycemia.